Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Psychology of Religion Views from Sigmund Freud Essay

Sigmund Freud was a psychologist known as the ‘father of psychoanalysis’ who believed that our sense of moral understanding is a result of the conditioning of a growing being. He argued the human mind or ‘psyche’ is split into three parts; the id, which contains basic and primitive, desires e.g. hunger, thirst and lust; the ego, which involves perceptions of the external world that makes us aware of the ‘reality principle,’ one’s most outward aspect of our personality, and the super-ego, which contains the conscience that punishes bad behaviours with guilt, and the ego-ideal that praises good actions. Freud reasoned that in order for the psyche to be healthy there must be balance between the ego and the super-ego, hence Freud claimed†¦show more content†¦An example of this is in his other book, Moses and Monotheism, Freud tries to apply his theory to Judaism and Christianity. According to Freud, Moses was an Egyptian who forced his religion upon the Jews. The Jews, in a manic state, kill Moses on the mountain just outside of the Promised Land. This created a large-scale sense of guilt, which created the need for s alvation expressed by these religions: ‘Remorse for the murder of Moses provided the stimulus for the wishful fantasy of the Messiah, who was to return and lead his people to redemption.’ Freud also goes on to say in The Future of an Illusion that ‘religion is the collective neurosis of humanity’. He notes that there are similarities to obsessive compulsions in religion. For example, prayers/worship is to be performed exactly, repeated, anxiety if omitted and a sense of relief once ritualised. The sense of guilt if these criteria are not met is parallel to the guilt held from killing the dominant male as primal hordes. Freud claims that religion protects us from developing individual neuroses which may not be accepted by society. Because religion is a part of our culture and therefore accepted, it is not seen as a defect. There is a need for protection from a father figure (infantilism), and in this respect Freud rebrands Feuerbach’s theories of â⠂¬Ëœprojection’ of the perfect being to ‘wish-fulfilment’, and of desired infantile protection. Freud says that the female counterpart to thisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Theoretical Positions of Jung, Adler, and Freud1471 Words   |  6 Pages While science worked diligently to quantify and validate early structuralist perspectives in psychology, early functionalists were hard at work developing theories that were more qualitative in nature. Although not directly associated with the functionalism movement, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James were clearly most concerned with how psychology could improve the lives of the individual and less inclined to laboratory research. 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Saturday, December 21, 2019

Khaleesi Portray Gender Role In Game Of Thrones . Is It

Khaleesi portray gender role in Game of Thrones Is it frustrating to be in a position where you want your voice to be heard, and want to lead certain people or group, but someone tells you it’s a man s job to do that? According to Webster Dictionary, â€Å"gender role is the overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness.† Since the beginning of time, gender role has been present in the society, humans especially have been expected to perform in many ways in regards to their gender. For example, women have been expected to be domesticated, homely and less active in political, social and economic power. Adam in the Bible was seen as the head, the leader while Eve was expected to be subservient.†¦show more content†¦Therefore being a ruler is challenging for Khaleesi because she has to face opposition from the males. For example, when she was captured by the Dothraki’s khal and they were supposed to judge her to see whether she can stay with the khla wido ws in the Dothraki city. Basically, instead of judging her, they were harassing her and talking about her sexuality, so she stood up for herself and burned the khal and his blood riders. This example shows that Khaleesi places herself over the men when they consider her as low. This also relates to how society considers women to be at a lower status than men because men are the leaders and the women have to do whatever they say. Khaleesi has broken the societal norms and she is showing how powerful women can be by standing up for themselves in a male dominated society. Gender role has been stereotyped because the society set standards for the men and women to follow, but the standards that are set for men and women are not equal. Based on the journal article on Taking on power: Women leaders in evangelical mission organization, â€Å"women are socialized to be nurturing,

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Mental Health of Critical Patients

Question: How do healthcare professionals influence the mental health of clients and families in positive ways and negative ways? Answer: Mental health can be considered as one of the most important factors of well being of critical patients (Arving and Holmstrm, 2011).Although the condition of mental health impacts on the overall health condition of patients, the importance is more evident in case of those patients who are suffering from any oncology diseases (Boltz, 2012).The mental health of patient can be changed by the influence of nurses. The current assignment deals with analysis of positive and negative influence of nurses on mental condition of oncology patients who have chronic mental diseases. Presence of mental diseases such as dementia, bipolar syndrome degrades the quality of life of a patient. Apart from these diseases increases difficulty for treatment other ailments. According to Boyle and Levin, (2008) the patients who are under any cancer related treatments, are found to feel more stress than other patients. However, being mentally stressed can cause different physical problem and this it can increase the complexity of oncology patients. Apart from this lifespan of people who are suffering from chronic mental diseases reduces significantly the nurses can provide support and guidance to the family members of a patient so that they can reduce the stress. Support of these workers is also required for encouraging the patient for leading a healthy life style. Often the patients with mental diseases fail to follow the instructions given by doctor. Nurses can train these people so that they can follow health instructions. The quality of life degrades in case of people suffering from mental diseases. As a result often these patients become reluctant to continue any treatment. Nurses can counsel these patients so that they follow healthy lifestyle. If these workers counsel the patients and their family, stress can be reduced significantly. In Saudi Arab, health care workers such as doctors or nurses are highly respected. It indicates that they can easily convince a patient for changing their lifestyles for making the treatment more effective. As success rate of treatment on oncology patients is still limited, complexity can increase due to presence of certain chronic mental diseases such as dementia, Alzheimers etc. It can reduce the effectiveness of treatment. As health workers such as nurses play an important role in the treatment of critical patients, the influence the of these health workers on the metal condition of a patient is also high. Communication style plays an important role for encouraging mental patients. Although the health workers can enhance effectiveness of cancer treatment, often it is observed that their behavior and communication style is impacting negatively on the health of a patient (Haylock, 2011). In case of oncology treatment style of communication is important for reducing stress. When the health worker are discussing about any terminal diseases with patients they require being conscious that the communication is not creating pressure on the patient and other family members (Boyle and Levin, 2008). If the patient becomes disappointed regarding the treatment it may lead to termination of the process and this nature of patients can result degradation of their condition. According to Bunz (2008) requirement of support is more for cancer patients. The patients, who need to change their lifestyle due to cancer, often need the help of health workers to be habituated with the changed lifestyle. Apart from this social position of a patient also impacts on the mental health. In case of Saudi Arabia, presence of extended family is effective for reducing the stress on patients who are suffering from terminal diseases as most of the pole of this country belongs to Islamic religion, the Islamic philosophy also enables these patients to reduce their stress. However, the importance of health workers cannot be denied. Support of family is important for the treatments related with oncology (Boyle and Levin, 2008). As the number of cancer patient in Saudi Arabia is increasing, the need of support from health workers is also increasing. It is observed that most of the cancer patients in Saudi Arabia are aged people. The number of breast cancer patients is also increasing (National Cancer Institute, 2015). It indicates that these patients require more care and support from health workers while being treated. References: Arving, C. and Holmstrom, I. (2011). Creating a new profession in cancer nursing? Experiences of working as a psychosocial nurse in cancer care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(19-20), pp.2939-2947. Boltz, M. (2012). Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Boyle, P. and Levin, B. (2008). World cancer report. Lyon: IARC Press. Bunz, F. (2008). Principles of cancer genetics. [Dordrecht]: Springer. Haylock, P. (2011). Cancer Nursing: The Modern Era. Oncology Nursing Forum, 38(0), pp.E7-E14.